Atonement (19)
The striking thing in the Scriptural representations of the priestly work of Christ, is that Christ appears in them as both priest and sacrifice.
Systematic Theology (365)
Louis Berkhof
Systematic Theology (365)
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In the first Adam we offended God, because Adam did not obey the divine commandment. But in the second Adam we have been reconciled to God and made obedient even to death. For we were debtors to no one except to him whose commandment we had transgressed. Therefore, in the last times the Lord has restored us into fellowship through his incarnation. He has become the Mediator between God and man, propitiating the Father against whom we had sinned, by his death. He has cancelled our disobedience by his obedience.Adversus omnes haereses 5.16.3-5.17.1
the Reformers also rejected the Anselmian alternative 'satisfaction or punishment', and pointed out that the one does not exclude the other, but that the satisfaction rendered through the sacrifice of Christ was the satisfaction through punishment. In other words, they stressed the fact that the sufferings of Christ were penal and vicarious.The History of Christian Doctrines (183)
He Himself took on Him the burden of our iniquities, He gave His own Son as a ransom for us, the holy One for transgressors, the blameless One for the wicked, the righteous One for the unrighteous, the incorruptible One for the corruptible, the immortal One for those who are mortal. For what other thing was capable of covering our sins than His righteousness? By what other one was it possible that we, the wicked and ungodly, could be justified, than by the only Son of God? O sweet exchange! O unsearchable operation! O benefits surpassing all expectation! That the wickedness of many should be hid in a single righteous One, and that the righteousness of One should justify many transgressors!Epistle to Diognetus, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0101.htm
The Calvinist limits the extent in that he says that it does not apply to all persons . . . while the Arminian limits the power of, for he says that in itself it does not actually save anybody.The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination , 153.
Christ has stood in the place of the true Christian. He has become his Surety and his Substitute. He undertook to bear all that was to be borne, and to do all that was to be done, and what He undertook He performed. Hence the true Christian is a justified man.Old Paths, Chapter 8
Sin is against an infinite God, and the offense being infinite, the punishment must be infinite also.Treatise on Hell
Christ hath made an infinite satisfaction in a finite time, by undergoing that fierce battle with the wrath of God, and getting the victory in a few hours, which is equivalent to the creatures bearing it and grappling with it everlastingly.Works
Again, we argue for the doctrine of the atonement, from our reconciliation with God, which Christ by his death has procured for us. Since that reconciliation supposes the making up of the breach which sin had produced between God and his creatures, this could not be effected without the removal of a twofold barrier, by a satisfaction. On the part of God, his justice must be satisfied, and on the part of man, the guilt of sin must be removed by suffering the punishment due to it. The Apostle Paul, everywhere, teaches us that Christ procured for us such a reconciliation (Romans 5:10; 2 Corinthians 5:18-19; Colossians 1:20-21).The Substitutionary Atonement (p 45-46)
It is in virtue of his priestly office and in pursuance of his priest function that he makes atonement for sin. He indeed was the lamb slain, but he was also the priest that offered himself as the lamb of God to take away the sin of the world.
It wasn't a potential atonement actuated by the sinner, it was an actual atonement initiated by the savior.
In regard of that which was taken from Christ, it was a sad hour; which I desire to be considered thus. 1. The most spiritual life that ever was, the life of him, who saw and enjoyed God in a personal union, was vailed and covered. (1.) Posession in many degrees was lessened: but in jure, in right, and in the foundation, not removed. 2. The sense and actual fruition of God, in vision, was over-clouded, but life in the fountain stood safe in the blessed union. #. The most direful effects, in breaking, bruising, and grinding the Son of God, between the millstones of divine wrath, were here; yet the infinite love and heart of God, remained the same to Christ, without any shadow of variation or change. God's hand was against Christ, his heart was for him. 4. Hence his saddest sufferings were by divine dispensation and economy. God could not hate the Son of his love; in a free dispensation, he pursued in wrath the surety, and loved the Son of God. 5. It cannot be determined, what that wall of separation, that covering and vail was, that went between the two united natures, the union personal still remaining entire, how the Godhead suspended its divine and soul rejoicing influence, and the man Christ suffered to the bottom of the highest and deepest pain, to the full satisfaction of divine justice.Christ Dying, and Drawing Sinners to Himself, 154-155
it should be pointed out that there is an inseparable connection between the purchase and the actual bestowal of salvation. The Bible clearly teaches that the design and effect of the atoning work of Christ is not merely to make salvation possible, but to reconcile God and man, and to put men in actual possession of eternal salvation, a salvation which many fail to obtainSystematic Theology (395)
it is by no means uncommon to hear people echoing sentiments similar to [Abelard] about the "injustice" of Christ's blood sacrifice and condemning the notion of the Father's pleasure at such a thing as sadistic. But then as now, people who think like that suffer the same drawback as Anselm's dialogue partner Boso: they have not considered how serious sin is.God Has Spoken 453
Adam and Eve did not decide to disobey God by themselves, but were tempted by Satan and ensnared by him in a way that Jesus never was. Putting things right with God therefore meant destroying Satan's power over us as well as paying the price of our wrongdoing. Jesus' propitiation for our sins would hardly have been the definitive solution to the problem of evil if the cause of that evil had not been dealt with as well.God Has Spoken 438-439
[Christ] offered himself on the altar of the cross not to the devil, but to the triune God, and he did so for all with regard to the sufficiency of the price, but only for the elect with regard to its efficacy, because he brought about salvation only for the predestined.The Sentences, Book 3: On the Incarnation of the Word
he received the flesh of sin that by assuming our flesh he might forgive our sin, but, while he takes our flesh, he does not share in our sin.On the Trinity 1.13
the suffering he was going to endure, cleansing through his blood those who believed in him.Justin, First Apology 32.1,5,7
In love the Master received us; because of the love he had towards us, our Lord Jesus Christ gave his blood for us in accord with the will of God: his flesh for the sake of our flesh, his life for our lives.1 Clement 49.5
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